Istoria biologiei și biochimiei

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Desenul lui Robert Hooke de plută la microscop

Istoria biologiei și biochimiei

Preistorie

Harta Semilunii Fertile

Antichitate

Foi VI și VII ale papirusului Edwin Smith (Rare Book Room, New York Academy of Medicine). [6]

1000-1299

1300-1499

1500-1599

1600–1699

Experiment despre circulația venoasă preluat din lucrarea lui Harvey Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis și Sanguinis în Animalibus

1700–1799

Coperta Systema Naturæ (1758)
  • 1712
  • 1735
  • 1744
    • Abraham Trembley publică Memoires pour servir à l'histoire d'un genre de polypes d'eau douce unde își expune cercetările asupra hidrei (sau polipului de apă dulce), în special asupra remarcabilelor sale capacități regenerative; Trembley este primul care obține grefa a două animale diferite
  • 1749
    • Edward Jenner foloseste puroi luat din mâna unei mașini de muls cu pustule de cowpox pentru a induce rezistența la infecții a variolei umane într - un copil; este începutul imunologiei
  • 1765
    • Lazzaro Spallanzani în Eseul observațiilor microscopice asupra sistemului generației de semnături de Needham și Buffon infirmă mai multe teorii despre generația spontană a vieții celulare
  • 1771
  • 1791
    • Luigi Galvani publică De viribus electricitatis in motu musculari commentarius , o lucrare în care își expune teoriile referitoare la electricitatea biologică, rezultatul studiilor și investigațiilor experimentale [10]
  • 1798
    • Thomas Malthus discută despre creșterea populației umane și producția de alimente în Un eseu pe principiul populației

1800–1849

Portretul lui Lamark

1850–1899

Portretul lui Charles Darwin
Louis Pasteur în atelierul său , pictură de Albert Edelfelt ( 1885 )
Gregor Mendel

1900–1924

Thomas Hunt Morgan

1925-1949

1950–1974

1975–1999

2000-Giorni nostri

La prima stampa del genoma umano ad essere presentata come una serie di libri, in mostra alla Wellcome Collection, Londra
  • 2000
    • Viene pubblicata la prima bozza del sequenziamento del genoma di Arabidopsis thaliana ; la prima pianta di cui si è sequenziato il genoma
  • 2001
  • 2002
    • Viene completato il sequenziamento del genoma di Caenorhabditis elegans
  • 2003
    • Viene annunciato il completamento del sequenziamento del genoma della muffa Neurospora crassa
    • Viene scoperto l'organismo più resistente alle radiazioni, l' archibatterio Thermococcus gammatolerans [147]
  • 2005
  • 2006
  • 2010
    • Craig Venter e collaboratori pubblicano un articolo su Science in cui annunciano di avere costruito in laboratorio la prima cellula artificiale , controllata da un DNA sintetico e in grado di dividersi e moltiplicarsi proprio come qualsiasi altra cellula vivente [153] [154]
  • 2016
    • Craig Venter e collaboratori pubblicano un articolo su Science in cui annunciano di avere costruito in laboratorio il primo batterio sintetico con un DNA contenente il minor numero di geni (473) in grado di assicurarne la sopravvivenza e la capacità di replicazione [155]
  • 2017

Note

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  44. ^ ( FR ) P. De Fonbrune Technique de Micromanipulation Masson, Paris, 1949
  45. ^ ( FR ) Repères chronologiques Pierre de Fonbrune (1901-1963) Archiviato il 4 settembre 2013 in Internet Archive .
  46. ^ ( EN ) Krebs, HA, and Johnson, WA (1937) Enzymologia 4, 148-156
  47. ^ "How I discovered phase contrast" Frits Zernike Nobel Lecture, December 11, 1953
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  51. ^ ( EN ) WM Stanley, Isolation of a crystalline protein possessing the properties of tobacco-mosaic virus , in Science , vol. 81, n. 2113, 1935, pp. 644-645. PDF [ collegamento interrotto ]
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