Robert Burns Woodward

Acest zvon cu privire la chimiștii americani este doar o schiță .

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Robert Burns Woodward în 1965

Premiul Nobel pentru chimie 1965

Robert Burns Woodward ( Boston , 10 aprilie 1917 - Cambridge , 8 iulie 1979 ) a fost un chimist american care s-a ocupat, în special, de chimia organică . Studiile sale se referă în principal la sinteza organică și la determinarea structurii substanțelor naturale complexe precum chinina , colesterolul , cortizonul , stricnina , acidul lisergic și cefalosporina . De asemenea, el a elaborat metoda de sinteză a vitaminei B12 . Premiul Nobel pentru chimie în 1965 , a lucrat îndeaproape cu Roald Hoffmann cu care a elaborat o serie de reguli, cunoscute sub numele de reguli Woodward-Hoffmann , care descriu interacțiunile dintre orbitali. $\pi$ ${\ displaystyle \ pi}$ $\ pi$ în reacțiile periciclice și permit prezicerea stereochimiei acestor transformări.

Alte proiecte

Wikimedia Commons conține imagini sau alte fișiere despre Robert Burns Woodward

linkuri externe

( EN ) Robert Burns Woodward , în Encyclopedia Britannica , Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
( EN ) Robert Burns Woodward , de la nobelprize.org , Nobel Media AB.
Lucrări de Robert Burns Woodward , pe openMLOL , Horizons Unlimited srl.
( RO ) Lucrări de Robert Burns Woodward , în Open Library , Internet Archive .

V · D · M Câștigătorii Premiului Nobel pentru chimie
1901 - 1925	Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff (1901) • Emil Fischer (1902) • Svante Arrhenius (1903) • William Ramsay (1904) • Adolf von Baeyer (1905) • Henri Moissan (1906) • Eduard Buchner (1907) • Ernest Rutherford ( 1908) • Wilhelm Ostwald (1909) • Otto Wallach (1910) • Marie Curie (1911) • Victor Grignard , Paul Sabatier (1912) • Alfred Werner (1913) • Theodore Richards (1914) • Richard Willstätter (1915) • Fritz Haber (1918) • Walther Nernst (1920) • Frederick Soddy (1921) • Francis Aston (1922) • Fritz Pregl (1923) • Richard Zsigmondy (1925)
1926 - 1950	Theodor Svedberg (1926) • Heinrich Wieland (1927) • Adolf Windaus (1928) • Arthur Harden , Hans von Euler-Chelpin (1929) • Hans Fischer (1930) • Carl Bosch , Friedrich Bergius (1931) • Irving Langmuir (1932) • Harold Urey (1934) • Frédéric Joliot-Curie , Irène Joliot-Curie (1935) • Peter Debye (1936) • Walter Haworth , Paul Karrer (1937) • Richard Kuhn (1938) • Adolf Butenandt , Lavoslav Ružička (1939) • George de Hevesy (1943) • Otto Hahn (1944) • Artturi Virtanen (1945) • James B. Sumner , John Northrop , Wendell Meredith Stanley (1946) • Robert Robinson (1947) • Arne Tiselius (1948) • William Giauque (1949) ) • Otto Diels , Kurt Alder (1950)
1951 - 1975	Edwin McMillan , Glenn T. Seaborg (1951) • Archer Martin , Richard Synge (1952) • Hermann Staudinger (1953) • Linus Pauling (1954) • Vincent du Vigneaud (1955) • Cyril Hinshelwood , Nikolaj Semënov (1956) • Alexander Todd (1957) • Frederick Sanger (1958) • Jaroslav Heyrovský (1959) • Willard Libby (1960) • Melvin Calvin (1961) • Max Perutz , John Kendrew (1962) • Karl Ziegler , Giulio Natta (1963) • Dorothy Hodgkin (1964) ) • Robert Woodward (1965) • Robert Mulliken (1966) • Manfred Eigen , Ronald Norrish , George Porter (1967) • Lars Onsager (1968) • Derek Barton , Odd Hassel (1969) • Luis Federico Leloir (1970) • Gerhard Herzberg (1971) • Christian Anfinsen , Stanford Moore , William Stein (1972) • EO Fischer , Geoffrey Wilkinson (1973) • Paul Flory (1974) • John Cornforth , Vladimir Prelog (1975)
1976 - 2000	William Lipscomb (1976) • Il'ja Prigožin (1977) • Peter Mitchell (1978) • Herbert Brown , Georg Wittig (1979) • Paul Berg , Walter Gilbert , Frederick Sanger (1980) • Ken'ichi Fukui , Roald Hoffmann (1981) )) • Aaron Klug (1982) • Henry Taube (1983) • Robert Merrifield (1984) • Herbert A. Hauptman , Jerome Karle (1985) • Dudley Herschbach , Yuan T. Lee , John Polanyi (1986) • Donald J. Cram , Jean-Marie Lehn , Charles J. Pedersen (1987) • Johann Deisenhofer , Robert Huber , Hartmut Michel (1988) • Sidney Altman , Thomas Cech (1989) • Elias Corey (1990) • Richard R. Ernst (1991) • Rudolph Marcus (1992) • Kary Mullis , Michael Smith (1993) • George Olah (1994) • Paul Crutzen , Mario Molina , Frank Rowland (1995) • Robert Curl , Harold Kroto , Richard Smalley (1996) • Paul Boyer , John Ernest Walker , Jens Skou (1997) • Walter Kohn , John Pople (1998) • Ahmed Zewail (1999) • Alan Jay Heeger , Alan MacDiarmid , Hideki Shirakawa (2000)
2001 - astăzi	William Knowles , Ryōji Noyori , Barry Sharpless (2001) • John B. Fenn , Kōichi Tanaka , Kurt Wüthrich (2002) • Peter Agre , Roderick MacKinnon (2003) • Aaron Ciechanover , Avram Hershko , Irwin Rose (2004) • Robert Grubbs , Richard Schrock , Yves Chauvin (2005) • Roger D. Kornberg (2006) • Gerhard Ertl (2007) • Osamu Shimomura , Martin Chalfie , Roger Tsien (2008) • Venkatraman Ramakrishnan , Thomas Steitz , Ada Yonath (2009) • Richard Heck , Ei-ichi Negishi , Akira Suzuki (2010) • Dan Shechtman (2011) • Brian Kobilka , Robert Lefkowitz (2012) • Martin Karplus , Michael Levitt , Arieh Warshel (2013) • Eric Betzig , Stefan Hell , William Moerner (2014) • Tomas Lindahl , Paul Modrich , Aziz Sancar (2015) • Jean-Pierre Sauvage , James Fraser Stoddart , Bernard Feringa (2016) • Jacques Dubochet , Joachim Frank , Richard Henderson (2017) • Frances Hamilton Arnold , George Pieczenik Smith , Gregory Paul Winter (2018) • John B. Goodenough , M. Stanley Whittingham , Akira Yoshino (2019) • Emm anuelle Charpentier , Jennifer Doudna (2020)

V · D · M

Câștigătorii medaliei Davy 1951-2000 ( Societatea Regală )

Eric Rideal (1951) · Alexander Robertson (1952) · John Lennard-Jones (1953) · James Wilfred Cook (1954) · Harry Work Melville (1955) · Robert Downs Haworth (1956) · Kathleen Lonsdale (1957) · Ronald Norrish ( 1958) · Robert Burns Woodward (1959) · John Monteath Robertson (1960) · Derek Harold Richard Barton (1961) · Harry Julius Emeléus (1962) · Edmund John Bowen (1963) · Melvin Calvin (1964) · Harold Warris Thompson (1965 ) · Ewart Jones (1966) · Vladimir Prelog (1967) · John Cornforth / George Joseph Popjak (1968) · Frederick Sydney Dainton (1969) · Charles Alfred Coulson (1970) · George Porter (1971) · Arthur John Birch (1972) · John Stuart Anderson (1973) · James Baddiley (1974) · Theodore Morris Sugden (1975) · Rex Edward Richards (1976) · Alan Rushton Battersby (1977) · Albert Eschenmoser (1978) · Joseph Chatt (1979) · Alan Woodworth Johnson (1980) · Ralph Alexander Raphael (1981) · Michael JS Dewar (1982) · Duilio Arigoni (1983) · Sam Edwards (1984) · Jack Lewis (1985) ) · Alexander George Ogston (1986) · Alec Jeffreys (1987) · John Pople (1988) · Francis Albert Gordon Stone (1989) · Keith Usherwood Ingold (1990) · Jeremy R. Knowles (1991) · Alan Carrington (1992) · Jack Baldwin (1993) · John Meurig Thomas (1994) · MLH Green (1995) · Geoffrey Wilkinson (1996) · Jean-Marie Lehn (1997) · Alan Roy Fersht (1998) · Malcolm Harold Chisholm (1999) · Steven Victor Ley (2000)

1877-1900 · 1901-1950 · 1951-2000 · 2001-2021

V · D · M

Câștigătorii premiului Willard Gibbs ( ACS )

Svante Arrhenius (1911) • Theodore William Richards (1912) • Leo Baekeland (1913) • Ira Remsen (1914) • Arthur Amos Noyes (1915) • Willis R. Whitney (1916) • Edward Morley (1917) • William Merriam Burton ( 1918) • William A. Noyes (1919) • Frederick Gardner Cottrell (1920) • Marie Curie (1921) • Julius Stieglitz (1923) • Gilbert Lewis (1924) • Moses Gomberg (1925) • James Colquhoun Irvine (1926) • John Jacob Abel (1927) • William Draper Harkins (1928) • Claude Silbert Hudson (1929) • Irving Langmuir (1930) • Phoebus Levene (1931) • Edward Curtis Franklin (1932) • Richard Martin Willstätter (1933) • Harold Urey (1934 ) • Charles August Kraus (1935) • Roger Adams (1936) • Herbert Newby McCoy (1937) • Robert R. Williams (1938) • Donald Dexter Van Slyke (1939) • Vladimir Ipatieff (1940) • Edward Adelbert Doisy (1941) • Thomas Midgley (1942) • Conrad Arnold Elvehjem (1943) • George O. Curme, Jr. (1944) • Frank C. Whitmore (1945) • Linus Pauling (1946) • Wendell Meredith Stanley (1947) • Carl F. Cori (1948) • Peter Debye (1949) • Carl S. Marvel (1950) William Francis Giauque (1951) William C. Rose (1952) • Joel Henry Hildebrand (1953) • Elmer K. Bolton (1954) • Farrington Daniels (1955) • Vincent du Vigneaud (1956) • W. Albert Noyes, Jr. (1957) • Willard Frank Libby (1958) • Hermann Irving Schlesinger (1959) • George B. Kistiakowsky (1960) • Louis Plack Hammett (1961) )) • Lars Onsager (1962) • Paul Doughty Bartlett (1963) • Izaak M. Kolthoff (1964) • Robert Mulliken (1965) • Glenn Theodore Seaborg (1966) • Robert Burns Woodward (1967) • Henry Eyring (1968) • Gerhard Herzberg (1969) • Frank H. Westheimer (1970) • Henry Taube (1971) • John T. Edsall (1972) • Paul Flory (1973) • Har Gobind Khorana (1974) • Herman F. Mark (1975) • Kenneth S Pitzer (1976) • Melvin Calvin (1977) • William O. Baker (1978) • Edgar Bright Wilson (1979) • Frank Albert Cotton (1980) • Bert Lester Vallee (1981) • Gilbert Stork (1982) • John D. Roberts (1983) • Elias James Corey (1984) • Donald James Cra m (1985) • Jack Halpern (1986) • Allen Bard (1987) • Rudolph Marcus (1988) • Richard Barry Bernstein (1989) • Richard Zare (1990) • Günther Wilke (1991) • Harry B. Gray (1992) • Peter B. Dervan (1993) • Frederick Hawthorne (1994) • John Meurig Thomas (1995) • Fred Basolo (1996) • Carl Djerassi (1997) • Mario Molina (1998) • Lawrence F. Dahl (1999) • Nicholas Turro ( 2000) • Tobin J. Marks (2001) • Ralph Hirschmann (2002) • John I. Brauman (2003) • Ronald Breslow (2004) • David A. Evans (2005) • Jacqueline K. Barton (2006) • Sylvia T. Ceyer (2007) • Carolyn R. Bertozzi (2008) • Louis Brus (2009) • Maurice Brookhart (2010) • Robert G. Bergman (2011) • Mark Ratner (2012) • Charles M. Lieber (2013) • John E. Bercaw (2014) • John F. Hartwig (2015) • Laura L. Kiessling (2016) • Judith Klinman (2017) • Cynthia Burrows (2018) • Marcetta Y. Darensbourg (2019)

V · D · M

Câștigătorii premiului Arthur C. Cope ( ACS )

Roald Hoffmann , Robert Burns Woodward (1973) • Donald James Cram (1974) • Elias James Corey (1975) • Orville L. Chapman (1978) • Gilbert Stork (1980) • Frank H. Westheimer (1982) • Albert J. Eschenmoser (1984) • Duilio Arigoni (1986) • Ronald Breslow (1987) • Kenneth B. Wiberg (1988) • William Summer Johnson (1989) • Koji Nakanishi (1990) • Gerhard L. Closs (1991) • Barry Sharpless (1992) • Peter B. Dervan (1993) • John D. Roberts (1994) • George M. Whitesides (1995) • Robert G. Bergman (1996) • Ryōji Noyori (1997) • Samuel J. Danishefsky (1998) • Ralph F. Hirschmann (1999) • David A. Evans (2000) • George Andrew Olah (2001) • Robert Grubbs (2002) • Larry E. Overman (2003) • Barry M. Trost (2004) • KC Nicolaou (2005) • Peter G Schultz (2006) • Jean Fréchet (2007) • James Fraser Stoddart (2008) • Manfred T. Reetz (2009) • Kendall N. Houk (2010) • Nicholas Turro (2011) • Chi-Huey Wong (2012) • Stephen L . Buchwald (2013) • Stuart Schreiber (2014) • Paul A. Wender (2015) • Eric Jacobsen (2016) • Carolyn R. Bertozzi (2017) • Steven Ley (2018) • Dieter Seebach (2019) • Dennis A. Dougherty (2020)

V · D · M

Câștigătorii medalii Copley 1951-2000

David Keilin (1951) · Paul Dirac (1952) · Albert Kluyver (1953) · Edmund Taylor Whittaker (1954) · Ronald Fisher (1955) · Patrick Blackett (1956) · Howard Florey (1957) · John Edensor Littlewood (1958) · Frank Macfarlane Burnet (1959) · Harold Jeffreys (1960) · Hans Adolf Krebs (1961) · Cyril Norman Hinshelwood (1962) · Paul Fildes (1963) · Sydney Chapman (1964) · Alan Lloyd Hodgkin (1965) · William Lawrence Bragg ( 1966) · Bernard Katz (1967) · Tadeusz Reichstein (1968) · Peter Medawar (1969) · Alexander Todd (1970) · Norman Pirie (1971) · Nevill Francis Mott (1972) · Andrew Huxley (1973) · William Vallance Douglas Hodge (1974) · Francis Crick (1975) · Dorothy Hodgkin (1976) · Frederick Sanger (1977) · Robert Burns Woodward (1978) · Max Perutz (1979) · Derek Barton (1980) · Peter D. Mitchell (1981) · John Cornforth (1982) · Rodney Robert Porter (1983) · Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (1984) · Aaron Klug (1985) · Rudolf Peierls (1986) · Robert Hill (1987) · Michael Atiyah (1988) · César Milstein (1989) · Abdus Salam (1990) · Sydney Brenner (1991) · George Porter (1992) · James Watson (1993) · Frederick Charles Frank (1994) · Frank Fenner (1995) · Alan Cottrell (1996) · Hugh Huxley (1997) · James Lighthill (1998) · John Maynard Smith (1999) · Alan Battersby (2000)

1731-1750 · 1751-1800 · 1801-1850 · 1851-1900 · 1901-1950 · 1951-2000 · 2001-2021

Controlul autorității	VIAF (EN) 40.246.681 · ISNI (EN) 0000 0001 0965 7250 · LCCN (EN) n82125720 · GND (DE) 121 887 669 · BNF (FR) cb12432479m (dată) · BNE (ES) XX1496575 (dată) · NDL (EN) , JA ) 00461430 · WorldCat Identities (EN) lccn-n82125720

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