Acid selenios

Acid selenios
Numele IUPAC
acid trioxoselenic (IV)
Denumiri alternative
acid selenios acid selenoza
Caracteristici generale
Formula moleculară sau brută	H 2 SeO 3
Masa moleculară ( u )	128,97
Aspect	alb solid
numar CAS	7783-00-8
Numărul EINECS	231-974-7
PubChem	1091
DrugBank	DB11127
ZÂMBETE	O[Se](=O)O
Proprietăți fizico-chimice
Densitate (g / cm 3 , în cs )	3.004 (20 ° C)
Informații de siguranță
TLV (ppm)	0,0002
Simboluri de pericol chimic
Pericol
Fraze H	301 - 331 - 373 - 410
Sfaturi P	261 - 273 - 301 + 310 - 311 - 501 [1] [2]
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Acidul L 'selenios este o hidratare a dioxidului de seleniu derivată din seleniu ossoacido :

${\displaystyle {\text{<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;">SeO</span></span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">2</span></span>}}^{}<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">+</span></span>{\text{<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;">H.</span></span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">2</span></span>}}^{}\text{<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;">SAU</span></span>}<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">⟶</span></span>{\text{<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;">H.</span></span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">2</span></span>}}^{}{\text{<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;">SeO</span></span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">3</span></span>}}^{}}${\ displaystyle {\ ce {SeO2 + H2O -> H2SeO3}}}

Molecula are o structură piramidală și formează legături de hidrogen . Este un solid izolabil cristal alb pur, este un acid biprotic slab (Ka ₁ = 3,5 10 ⁻³ ) cu proprietăți redox care variază în funcție de pH :

• într-un mediu acid (pH = 0)

${\displaystyle {\text{<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;">H.</span></span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">2</span></span>}}^{}{\text{<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;">SeO</span></span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">3</span></span>}}^{}<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">+</span></span>\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">4</span></span>}{\text{<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;">H.</span></span>}}^{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">+</span></span>}<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">+</span></span>\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">4</span></span>}{\text{<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;">Și</span></span>}}^{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">-</span></span>}<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">⟶</span></span>\text{<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;">De sine</span></span>}<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">+</span></span>\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">3</span></span>}{\text{<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;">H.</span></span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">2</span></span>}}^{}\text{<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;">SAU</span></span>}}${\ displaystyle {\ ce {H2SeO3 + 4H + + 4e- -> Se + 3H2O}}} E ° = +0,74 V

• într-un mediu de bază (pH = 14)

${\displaystyle {\text{<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;">SeO</span></span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">3</span></span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">2</span></span>}<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">-</span></span>}<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">+</span></span>\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">4</span></span>}{\text{<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;">Și</span></span>}}^{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">-</span></span>}<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">+</span></span>\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">3</span></span>}{\text{<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;">H.</span></span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">2</span></span>}}^{}\text{<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;">SAU</span></span>}<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">⟶</span></span>\text{<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;">De sine</span></span>}<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">+</span></span>\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">6</span></span>}{\text{<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;">OH</span></span>}}^{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">-</span></span>}}${\ displaystyle {\ ce {SeO3 ^ 2- + 4e- + 3H2O -> Se + 6OH-}}} E ° = -0,37 V

Seleniul poate fi obținut din acid prin reducere cu dioxid de sulf :

${\displaystyle {\text{<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;">H.</span></span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">2</span></span>}}^{}{\text{<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;">SeO</span></span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">3</span></span>}}^{}<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">+</span></span>\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">2</span></span>}{\text{<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;">ASA DE</span></span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">2</span></span>}}^{}<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">+</span></span>{\text{<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;">H.</span></span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">2</span></span>}}^{}\text{<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;">SAU</span></span>}<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">⟶</span></span>\text{<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;">De sine</span></span>}<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">+</span></span>\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">2</span></span>}{\text{<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;">HSO</span></span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">4</span></span>}}^{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">-</span></span>}<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">+</span></span>\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">2</span></span>}{\text{<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;">H.</span></span>}}^{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">+</span></span>}}${\ displaystyle {\ ce {H2SeO3 + 2SO2 + H2O -> Se + 2HSO4- + 2H +}}}

Această reacție poate fi utilizată pentru a recupera seleniul din nămolul anodic al electrolizei de cupru din care dioxidul de seleniu se separă prin sublimare care, atunci când este spălat cu apă, dă acid selenios.

Compuși

• Selenita de sodiu

Notă

Bibliografie

• I. Bertini , F. Mani. Chimie anorganică . CEDAM. ISBN 88-13-16199-9

Alte proiecte

• Wikimedia Commons conține imagini sau alte fișiere cu acid selenios

linkuri externe

• https://www.webcitation.org/6Fd0YliTZ?url=http://www.ing.unitn.it/~colombo/selenio/chimica.htm
• ChemIDplus ^{[ link rupt ]} , la chem2.sis.nlm.nih.gov .

V · D · M Acizi anorganici
Hidracizi	Acid hidrazoic (HN 3) · Acid fluorhidric (HF) · Bromură de hidrogen (HBr) · Cianură de hidrogen (HCN) · Acid clorhidric (HCl) · Sulfură de hidrogen (H 2 S) · acid hidroiodic (HI) · Acid selenidric (H 2) Dacă) · acid astatidrico (HAT)
Oxiacizi	Acid boric (H 3 BO 3) · Acid carbonic (H 2 CO 3) acid azotic (HNO 3) · Acid azotat (HNO 2) · Acid fosforic (H 3 PO 4) · acid pirofosforic (H 4 P 2 O 7) · Acid metafosforic (HPO 3) · acid fosforos (H 3 PO 3) · acid hipofosforos acid (H 3 PO 2) · acid sulfuric (H 2 SO 4) · acid sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 3) · acid cloric (HClO 3) · acid cloros acid (HClO 2) · acid arsenic (H 3 AsO 4) · acid arsenios acid (H 3 AsO 3) · acid iodat (HIO 3) · acid hipobrom (HBrO) · acid hipocloros acid (HClO) · acid hipoiodos (HIO) · acid percloric (HClO 4) · acid perbromico (HBrO 4) · acid periodic (HIO 4) · acid selenios (H 2 SeO 3) · acid xenico (H 2 Xeo 4) · acid antimonic (H 3 SBO 4) · acid antimonios (H 3 SBO 3) · acid telluric (H 6 TeO 6) · acid telluroso (H 2 TeO 3) · acid teflico (HTeOF 5) · acid ipofluoroso (HFO) acid silicic (H 4 SiO 4 ) ·

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