Acid selenios

Acid selenios
Numele IUPAC
acid trioxoselenic (IV)
Denumiri alternative
acid selenios acid selenoza
Caracteristici generale
Formula moleculară sau brută	H 2 SeO 3
Masa moleculară ( u )	128,97
Aspect	alb solid
numar CAS	7783-00-8
Numărul EINECS	231-974-7
PubChem	1091
DrugBank	DB11127
ZÂMBETE	O[Se](=O)O
Proprietăți fizico-chimice
Densitate (g / cm 3 , în cs )	3.004 (20 ° C)
Informații de siguranță
TLV (ppm)	0,0002
Simboluri de pericol chimic
Pericol
Fraze H	301 - 331 - 373 - 410
Sfaturi P	261 - 273 - 301 + 310 - 311 - 501 [1] [2]
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Acidul L 'selenios este o hidratare a dioxidului de seleniu derivată din seleniu ossoacido :

${\displaystyle {\text{<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;">SeO</span></span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">2</span></span>}}^{}<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">+</span></span>{\text{<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;">H.</span></span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">2</span></span>}}^{}\text{<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;">SAU</span></span>}<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">⟶</span></span>{\text{<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;">H.</span></span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">2</span></span>}}^{}{\text{<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;">SeO</span></span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">3</span></span>}}^{}}${\ displaystyle {\ ce {SeO2 + H2O -> H2SeO3}}}

Molecula are o structură piramidală și formează legături de hidrogen . Este un solid cristalin alb izolabil izolat, este un acid biprotic slab (Ka ₁ = 3,5 10 ⁻³ ) cu proprietăți redox care variază în funcție de pH :

• într-un mediu acid (pH = 0)

${\displaystyle {\text{<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;">H.</span></span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">2</span></span>}}^{}{\text{<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;">SeO</span></span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">3</span></span>}}^{}<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">+</span></span>\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">4</span></span>}{\text{<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;">H.</span></span>}}^{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">+</span></span>}<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">+</span></span>\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">4</span></span>}{\text{<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;">Și</span></span>}}^{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">-</span></span>}<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">⟶</span></span>\text{<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;">De sine</span></span>}<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">+</span></span>\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">3</span></span>}{\text{<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;">H.</span></span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">2</span></span>}}^{}\text{<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;">SAU</span></span>}}${\ displaystyle {\ ce {H2SeO3 + 4H + + 4e- -> Se + 3H2O}}} E ° = +0,74 V

• într-un mediu de bază (pH = 14)

${\displaystyle {\text{<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;">SeO</span></span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">3</span></span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">2</span></span>}<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">-</span></span>}<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">+</span></span>\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">4</span></span>}{\text{<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;">Și</span></span>}}^{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">-</span></span>}<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">+</span></span>\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">3</span></span>}{\text{<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;">H.</span></span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">2</span></span>}}^{}\text{<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;">SAU</span></span>}<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">⟶</span></span>\text{<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;">De sine</span></span>}<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">+</span></span>\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">6</span></span>}{\text{<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;">OH</span></span>}}^{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">-</span></span>}}${\ displaystyle {\ ce {SeO3 ^ 2- + 4e- + 3H2O -> Se + 6OH-}}} E ° = -0,37 V

Seleniul poate fi obținut din acid prin reducere cu dioxid de sulf :

${\displaystyle {\text{<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;">H.</span></span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">2</span></span>}}^{}{\text{<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;">SeO</span></span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">3</span></span>}}^{}<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">+</span></span>\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">2</span></span>}{\text{<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;">ASA DE</span></span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">2</span></span>}}^{}<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">+</span></span>{\text{<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;">H.</span></span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">2</span></span>}}^{}\text{<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;">SAU</span></span>}<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">⟶</span></span>\text{<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;">De sine</span></span>}<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">+</span></span>\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">2</span></span>}{\text{<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;">HSO</span></span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">4</span></span>}}^{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">-</span></span>}<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">+</span></span>\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">2</span></span>}{\text{<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;">H.</span></span>}}^{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">+</span></span>}}${\ displaystyle {\ ce {H2SeO3 + 2SO2 + H2O -> Se + 2HSO4- + 2H +}}}

Această reacție poate fi utilizată pentru recuperarea seleniului din nămolul anodic al electrolizei de cupru din care se separă dioxidul de seleniu prin sublimare care, spălat cu apă, dă acid selenios.

Compuși

• Selenita de sodiu

Notă

Bibliografie

• I. Bertini , F. Mani. Chimie anorganică . CEDAM. ISBN 88-13-16199-9

Alte proiecte

• Wikimedia Commons conține imagini sau alte fișiere cu acid selenios

linkuri externe

• https://www.webcitation.org/6Fd0YliTZ?url=http://www.ing.unitn.it/~colombo/selenio/chimica.htm
• ChemIDplus ^{[ link rupt ]} , la chem2.sis.nlm.nih.gov .

V · D · M Acizi anorganici
Hidracizi	Acid hidrazoic (HN 3) · Acid fluorhidric (HF) · Bromură de hidrogen (HBr) · Cianură de hidrogen (HCN) · Acid clorhidric (HCl) · Sulfură de hidrogen (H 2 S) · acid hidroiodic (HI) · Acid selenidric (H 2) Dacă) · acid astatidrico (HAT)
Oxiacizi	Acid boric (H 3 BO 3) · Acid carbonic (H 2 CO 3) acid azotic (HNO 3) · Acid azotat (HNO 2) · Acid fosforic (H 3 PO 4) · acid pirofosforic (H 4 P 2 O 7) · Acid metafosforic (HPO 3) · acid fosforos (H 3 PO 3) · acid hipofosforos acid (H 3 PO 2) · acid sulfuric (H 2 SO 4) · acid sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 3) · acid cloric (HClO 3) · acid cloros acid (HClO 2) · acid arsenic (H 3 AsO 4) · acid arsenios acid (H 3 AsO 3) · acid iodat (HIO 3) · acid hipobrom (HBrO) · acid hipocloros acid (HClO) · acid hipoiodos (HIO) · acid percloric (HClO 4) · acid perbromico (HBrO 4) · acid periodic (HIO 4) · acid selenios (H 2 SeO 3) · acid xenico (H 2 Xeo 4) · acid antimonic (H 3 SBO 4) · acid antimonios (H 3 SBO 3) · acid telluric (H 6 TeO 6) · acid telluroso (H 2 TeO 3) · acid teflico (HTeOF 5) · acid ipofluoroso (HFO) acid silicic (H 4 SiO 4 ) ·

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